Let’s Talk About: Consent
Consent is a clear, voluntary, and mutual agreement between people to engage in a specific activity or situation. In healthy relationships, consent ensures all people involved feel safe, valued, and in control of their own bodies and choices.Why Consent Matters
Consent builds trust and safety. Knowing that your boundaries are respected, creates a safe environment where true emotional and physical intimacy can grow.Consent affirms personal autonomy. It allows recognition that everyone owns their body and has the final say about what happens to it.
Consent encourages active communication. Practicing consent requires talking openly rather than guessing or pressuring one another.
Consent protects against harm. Respecting ongoing boundaries prevents things like abuse, assault, and coercion.
Principles & Requirements
- Consent is ongoing, and not a one-time checkbox. Regular check-ins are crucial, even in long-term relationships or marriages.
- Consent can be revoked. At any time, anyone can change their mind. Even in the middle of things.
- Consent is specific. Agreeing to one type of thing does not mean agreeing to something else.
- Consent is free from pressure. It is without coercion, without influence of mind-altering substances, and without manipulation.
Consent requires capacity to decide if it is given.
Consent requires being informed of what is being agreed upon.
Consent requires being given voluntarily out of free will.
Common Types of Consent
This is by no means a complete list of the different “types” of consent you have probably heard of, but they are probably the most common.Informed ConsentWhen all involved parties are fully aware of what they are agreeing to, it is informed consent. Knowledge of risks, boundaries, limits, expectations, etc. have been openly communicated. Without informed consent, ethically proceeding is questionable.
Expressed ConsentWhen consent is explicitly given orally or in writing, this is expressed consent. It is clear and direct and allows for no doubt on what was consented. Expressed consent allows the ability to establish boundaries, rules, and limits.
Implied ConsentWhen the actions or behaviors of a person infers permission rather than being explicitly stated, this is implied consent. Implied consent is often practiced in long-term relationships, where boundaries and limits have had time to be well-established. Implied consent must be used cautiously, as misinterpretation and misunderstandings risk arising. Without a solid foundation of trust and continued open communication between all participating parties, implied consent shouldn’t be utilized.
Dubious ConsentStemming from literature, and often referred to as dub-con, dubious consent indicates that consent is unknown, that it hasn’t been established with certainty, or that consent was gained through questionable circumstances. While being a type of implied consent, dubious consent is extremely risky, unsafe, and ethically questionable. It is not something regularly practiced. In general, it is highly discouraged and associated with abuse. However, with glamorization via literature, it is still extremely important to talk about dubious consent and its questionable ethics.
Enthusiastic ConsentMany resources will talk about "enthusiastic" consent, and equate it will the only proper type of consent that should be given. Personally, I find this borderline gatekeeping, and I don't feel consent has to be "enthusiastic" in order to be genuine. I can give genuine consent and not be specifically enthusiastic about it. Demanding consent be enthusiastic does not allow for situations where there may be nervousness, or situations of indifference. There is nothing wrong or artificial about the consent being given if there isn’t necessarily an intense eagerness to be considered "enthusiastic." For that reason, you will never hear me personally use "enthusiastic" as a way to describe acceptable consent. Rather, I will always refer to acceptable consent as "genuine."
Let’s Talk About: Coercion
Coercion is the practice of persuading someone to do something by using force, threats, or psychological pressure.Coercion removes autonomy by taking away a person’s ability to make a free, voluntary choice. It can involve tactics like physical force, blackmail, intimidation, or subtle emotional manipulation like guilt-tripping.
Even if a person agrees to something under pressure, true consent is absent because refusal feels unsafe or impossible. Coercion removes genuine consent.
Relationship Coercion
In relationships, coercion is often subtle and builds up over time, making it harder to recognize.- Emotional + Psychological Pressure – using intense guilt, constant criticism, or the “silent treatment” to force compliance
- Threats + Intimidation – threatening to end the relationship, self-harm, share private photos, or expose secrets to force compliance
- Isolation – cutting a person off from friends, family, or support networks so they become completely dependent on the relationship
- Financial Control – restricting access to money, monitoring spending, or preventing a person from working to limit their independence
- Sexual Coercion – wearing a partner down through persistent asking, begging, or guilt-tripping until they give in to intimate activity
Coercion vs Uninformed Consent
Coercion does not automatically equate to uninformed consent, however both are ethical violations that often result in the same outcome, and commonly intersect.Coercion removes free will looks like saying “yes” because of pressure threats, or manipulation
Uninformed consent removes knowledge looks like saying “yes” because of missing critical info, risks, or consequences
A person can be both uninformed and coerced at the same time:
- Deception as a Tool for Pressure – in relationships, a partner may withhold info purposefully (uninformed), while simultaneously guilt-tripping the other person to agree (coercion).
- Systematic Pressure – in legal settings, someone might agree to sign a plea deal without fully understanding the long-term legal consequences (uninformed), because the alternative threat of a max prison sentence is scary (coercion).
Let’s Talk About: Deception
Tricking someone into giving uninformed consent is called deception, and is a consent violation. While it lacks coercion, it relies on manipulation and lies to gain false consent. Deception removes a person’s autonomy and forces them into a situation they may otherwise have rejected.- Destroys Trust – trust is a relationship foundation, and tricking a partner destroys that foundation. What was believed is actually false, and who was trusted chose to mislead. This removes the safety within the relationship, and rebuilding that is extremely difficult.
- Resentment + Betrayal – discovering you were manipulated into consent often triggers intense feelings of anger, humiliation, and violation. It creates a feeling of being used, and as if feelings and boundaries were just obstacles to bypass, rather than things that should be respected. This can lead to deep-seeded resentment that will erode affection and emotional intimacy.
- Power + Control – relationships should operate as an equal partnership. Deception disrupts this by creating a power imbalance. Keeping someone in the dark takes away their right to make an authentic informed choice, and it shifts the relationship from mutual respect to one-sided control and selfishness.
- Questioned Reality – deception often leads to self-doubt. The person who was deceived often will reevaluate other situations in the relationship and wonder what else was a lie. The psychological impact of being deceived often mirrors the effects of gaslighting, leaving a person feeling anxious, insecure, and disconnected form their own judgment.
Common Types of Deception
- Financial Deception – convincing a partner to agree to a major purchase or loan, while hiding massive personal debt or unhealthy spending habits like gambling.
- Intimate Deception – tampering with contraception or changing safety practices during intercourse, without the person knowing or agreeing (stealthing).
- Relational Deception – pressuring a partner into moving in or making long-term commitments like marriage, while secretly planning to end the relationship or maintaining an affair.
Let’s Talk About: Strategic Ignorance
Agreeing to something while consciously choosing not to know the details, risks, or truths is Strategic Ignorance (sometimes referred to as Willful Blindness). It replaces genuine connection with avoidance.Relationship Impacts
Usually done to try to avoid conflict, discomfort, or difficult conversations, Strategic Ignorance creates a fragile superficial peace. True intimacy requires navigating differences together, and choosing ignorance means opting out of a real authentic partnership.Willingly choosing to not know facts initially, doesn’t remove real-world consequences of that choice. When hidden truths or unaddressed boundary crosses come to light, its usually met with deep resentment. Consciously agreeing to be left in the dark doesn’t necessarily remove feelings of abandonment blind sightedness, or feelings of being treated unfairly.
Completely checking out of decision-making processes shifts 100% of the responsibility, mental load, and potential guilt onto one person. If things go wrong, one person carries the blame, which can cause them to feel isolated and weighed down by the relationship.
Deliberately disempowering yourself gives all control to the other person. Over time, this can cause them to stop viewing you as an equal decision-maker, and instead as someone they have to manage or protect – which can erode the romantic and respectful foundation of the relationship.











